Component definition innovation plan as a tool to allow flight simulator training device roadmapping
Abstract
The use of flight simulators as a complement to pilot training offers significant advantages in reducing costs and risks associated with aircraft accidents, in addition to increasing safety and situational awareness during the practical phases of flight. However, the development of equipment to support pilot training has been carried out with an exclusive focus on this application, overlooking the exploration of alternative uses or new business opportunities that could diversify revenue streams and foster innovation. In this study, a method was developed to identify components that support the Technology Roadmapping process. The application phases are described, and each step is illustrated with a case study on developing a flight simulator training device. The results present potential markets, products, technologies, resources, and partners, forming a framework for innovation planning in aeronautical flight training. Specifically, the potential for implementing affordable full-motion flight simulators is examined, including applications in amusement parks for leisure, incentive flights for new crew, providing a passenger flight experience in the context of advanced air mobility, and, primarily, referencing flight centers to enhance airmanship skills and flight safety.
Keyword : aviation, pilot schools, planning tool, Stewart platform, technology roadmap
How to Cite
Siqueira, G. de C., Caetano, M., Amaral, D., & Bidinotto, J. H. (2025). Component definition innovation plan as a tool to allow flight simulator training device roadmapping. Aviation, 29(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2025.23175
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Coughlan, P., & Coghlan, D. (2002). Action research for operations management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(2), 220–240. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570210417515
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Grundy, J. G., Nazar, S., O’Malley, S., Mohrenshildt, M. V., & Shedden, J. M. (2016). The effectiveness of simulator motion in the transfer of performance on a tracking task is influenced by vision and motion disturbance cues. Human Factors, 58(4), 546–559. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720816639776
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Kiesewetter, L., Shakib, K. H., Singh, P., Rahman, M., Khandelwal, B., Kumar, S., & Shah, K. (2023). A holistic review of the current state of research on aircraft design concepts and consideration for advanced air mobility applications. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 142, Article 100949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100949
Lemes, R. C., Souza, M. M., Belo, E. M., & Bidinotto, J. H. (2018). Latency on a Stewart platform using washout filter. Aeronautical Journal, 122(1252), 1003–1019. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.35
Macedo, J. P, C. A de, Bidinotto, J. H., & Bromfield, M. (2020). Loss of control in flight: Comparing qualitative pilot opinion with quantitative flight data. In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2911
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Phaal, R., Farrukh, C. J. P., Probert, D. R. (2004). Technology roadmapping – A planning framework for evolution and revolution. Technological Forecast and Social Change, 71(1–2), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(03)00072-6
Phaal, R., & Kerr, C. (2022). Roadmapping and roadmaps: Definition and underpinning concepts. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 69(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2021.3096012
Phaal, R., & Kerr, C. (2020). Technology roadmapping: Industrial roots, forgotten history and unknown origins. Technological Forecast and Social Change, 155, Article 119967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119967
Phaal, R., & Muller, G. (2009). An architectural framework for roadmapping: Towards visual strategy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.03.018
Song, Y., Tian, W., Tian, Y., Liu, X. (2022). Calibration of a Stewart platform by designing a robust joint compensator with artificial neural networks. Precision Engineering, 77, 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2022.07.001
Torğul, B., Demiralay, E., & Paksoy, T. (2022). Training aircraft selection for department of flight training in fuzzy environment. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 5(1), 264–289. https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame0311022022t
Vatananan, R. S., & Gerdsri, N. (2012). The current state of technology roadmapping (TRM) research and practice. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877012500320
Vidakovic, J., Lazarevic, M., Kvrgic, V., Maksimovic, I. V., & Rakic, A. (2021). Flight simulation training devices: Application, classification, and research. International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 22, 874–885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-021-00358-y
Vinayavekhin, S., Phaal, R., Thanamaitreejit, T., & Asatani, K. (2021). Emerging trends in roadmapping research: A bibliometrics literature review. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 35(5), 558–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.1979210
Viola, N., Fusaro, R., & Vercella, V. (2022). Technology roadmapping methodology for future hypersonic transportation systems. Acta Astronautica, 195, 430–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.03.038
Wei, M., Fang, S., & Liu, J. (2022). Design and implementation of a new training flight simulator system. Sensors, 22(20), Article 7933. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207933
Wu, L. (2020). Development of an affordable and high-fidelity flight simulation training device. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, 52(3), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.6125/JoAAA.202009_52(3).08
Yadav, D. K., & Nikraz, H. (2014). Implications of evolving civil aviation safety regulations on the safety outcomes of air transport industry and airports. Aviation, 18(2), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2014.926641
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6 ed.). SAGE Publications.
Aleina, S. C., Viola, N., Fusaro, R., Longo, J., & Saccoccia, G. (2018). Basis for a methodology for roadmaps generation for hypersonic and re-entry space transportation systems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 128, 208–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.12.004
Borucka, A., Jabłoński, P., Patrejko, K., & Patrejko, Ł. (2024). A mathematical model for identifying military training flights. Aviation, 28(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2024.20988
Caetano, M. (2023). Aviation accident and incident forecasting combining occurrence investigation and meteorological data using machine learning. Aviation, 27(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2023.18641
Caetano, M., & Amaral, D. C. (2011). Roadmapping for technology push and partnership: A contribution for open innovation environments. Technovation, 31(7), 320–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2011.01.005
Carlos, R., Amaral, D. C., & Caetano, M. (2018). Framework for continuous agile technology roadmap updating. Innovation and Management Review, 15(3), 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-05-2018-0030
Chertopolokhov, V., Andrianova, O., Hernandez-Sanchez, A., Mireles, C., Poznyak, A., & Chairez, I. (2023). Averaged sub-gradient integral sliding mode control design for cueing end-effector acceleration of a two-link robotic arm. ISA Transactions, 133, 134–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2022.07.024
Coughlan, P., & Coghlan, D. (2002). Action research for operations management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(2), 220–240. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570210417515
De Alcantara, D. P., & Martens, M. L. (2019). Technology Roadmapping (TRM): A systematic review of the literature focusing on models. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 138, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.08.014
Dodgson, M., Gann, D., & Salter, A. (2008). The management of technological innovation: Strategy and practice. Oxford University Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199208524.001.0001
Federal Aviation Administration. (2024). Code of Federal Regulations (Title 14, Part 61 and/or 141, Chapter I, Subchapter D, Part 61, §61.109 Aeronautical experience). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-E/section-61.109
Ginieis, M., Hernández-Lara, A. B., & Sánchez-Rebull, M. V. (2020). Influence of airlines’ size and labour costs on profitability. Aviation, 24(4), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2020.12539
Grundy, J. G., Nazar, S., O’Malley, S., Mohrenshildt, M. V., & Shedden, J. M. (2016). The effectiveness of simulator motion in the transfer of performance on a tracking task is influenced by vision and motion disturbance cues. Human Factors, 58(4), 546–559. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720816639776
Hötte, K. (2023). Demand-pull, technology-push, and the direction of technological change. Research Policy, 52(5), Article 104740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104740
International Civil Aviation Organization. (2018). Annex 1 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. ICAO.
Jamieson, G. A., Skraaning, G., & Joe, J. (2022). The B737 MAX 8 accidents as operational experiences with automation transparency. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 52(4), 794–797. https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2022.3164774
Justin, C. Y., Payan, A. P., & Mavris, D. N. (2022). Integrated fleet assignment and scheduling for environmentally friendly electrified regional air mobility. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 138, Article 103567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2022.103567
Källström, J., Granlund, R., & Heintz, F. (2022). Design of simulation-based pilot training systems using machine learning agents. The Aeronautical Journal, 126(1300), 907–931. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2022.8
Kerr, C., Phaal, R., & Thams, K. (2019). Customizing and deploying roadmapping in an organizational setting: The LEGO Group experience. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 52, 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2017.10.003
Kiesewetter, L., Shakib, K. H., Singh, P., Rahman, M., Khandelwal, B., Kumar, S., & Shah, K. (2023). A holistic review of the current state of research on aircraft design concepts and consideration for advanced air mobility applications. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 142, Article 100949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100949
Lemes, R. C., Souza, M. M., Belo, E. M., & Bidinotto, J. H. (2018). Latency on a Stewart platform using washout filter. Aeronautical Journal, 122(1252), 1003–1019. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.35
Macedo, J. P, C. A de, Bidinotto, J. H., & Bromfield, M. (2020). Loss of control in flight: Comparing qualitative pilot opinion with quantitative flight data. In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2911
Mankins, J. C. (2004). Technology readiness levels (A White Paper). ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247705707_Technology_Readiness_Level_-_A_White_Paper/link/59ea3cd7aca272cddddb7ad5/download
Markou, A. A., Elmas, S., & Filz, G. H. (2021). Revisiting Stewart–Gough platform applications: A kinematic pavilion. Engineering Structures, 249, Article 113304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113304
Nazarenko, A., Vishnevskiy, K., Meissner, D., & Daim, T. (2022). Applying digital technologies in technology roadmapping to overcome individual biased assessments. Technovation, 110, Article 102364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102364
National Transportation Safety Board. (2019). Safety Recommendation Report – Assumptions used in the safety assessment process and the effects of multiple alerts and indications on pilot performance (ASR-19-01). NTSB. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/ASR1901.pdf
Petrescu, T., Voordijk, J. T., & Mihai, P. (2021). Developing a TRL-oriented roadmap for the adoption of biocomposite materials in the construction industry. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 10, 223–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-021-0154-4
Phaal, R., Farrukh, C. J. P., & Probert, D. R. (2005). Developing a technology roadmapping system. In A unifying discipline for melting the boundaries technology management (pp. 99–111). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.2005.1509680
Phaal, R., Farrukh, C. J. P., Probert, D. R. (2004). Technology roadmapping – A planning framework for evolution and revolution. Technological Forecast and Social Change, 71(1–2), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(03)00072-6
Phaal, R., & Kerr, C. (2022). Roadmapping and roadmaps: Definition and underpinning concepts. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 69(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2021.3096012
Phaal, R., & Kerr, C. (2020). Technology roadmapping: Industrial roots, forgotten history and unknown origins. Technological Forecast and Social Change, 155, Article 119967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119967
Phaal, R., & Muller, G. (2009). An architectural framework for roadmapping: Towards visual strategy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.03.018
Song, Y., Tian, W., Tian, Y., Liu, X. (2022). Calibration of a Stewart platform by designing a robust joint compensator with artificial neural networks. Precision Engineering, 77, 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2022.07.001
Torğul, B., Demiralay, E., & Paksoy, T. (2022). Training aircraft selection for department of flight training in fuzzy environment. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 5(1), 264–289. https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame0311022022t
Vatananan, R. S., & Gerdsri, N. (2012). The current state of technology roadmapping (TRM) research and practice. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877012500320
Vidakovic, J., Lazarevic, M., Kvrgic, V., Maksimovic, I. V., & Rakic, A. (2021). Flight simulation training devices: Application, classification, and research. International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 22, 874–885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-021-00358-y
Vinayavekhin, S., Phaal, R., Thanamaitreejit, T., & Asatani, K. (2021). Emerging trends in roadmapping research: A bibliometrics literature review. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 35(5), 558–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.1979210
Viola, N., Fusaro, R., & Vercella, V. (2022). Technology roadmapping methodology for future hypersonic transportation systems. Acta Astronautica, 195, 430–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.03.038
Wei, M., Fang, S., & Liu, J. (2022). Design and implementation of a new training flight simulator system. Sensors, 22(20), Article 7933. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207933
Wu, L. (2020). Development of an affordable and high-fidelity flight simulation training device. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, 52(3), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.6125/JoAAA.202009_52(3).08
Yadav, D. K., & Nikraz, H. (2014). Implications of evolving civil aviation safety regulations on the safety outcomes of air transport industry and airports. Aviation, 18(2), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2014.926641
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6 ed.). SAGE Publications.