Restoration techniques for the heritage building / Kirkuk Qishla as a case study
Abstract
National heritage buildings are considered as the memory of the cities and its civilization’s legacy. Such buildings are receiving more attention these days especially from architectures who are trying to restore them by using the proper techniques to bring them back to their former appearance to serve the community in the present time.
From that point, the general goal of this research is to concentrate on the used techniques of restoring national heritage buildings by using the proper materials for the damaged or the collapsed parts as the restoration process differs from a building to another. All these points should be done according to the laws and protocols of UNSCO and ICOMOS to keep the authentic features of the building and pass it on to the next generations.
This research deals specifically and practically with restoring the Qishla building in Kirkuk as a restoration sample. Some parts of that building collapsed recently and the research aims to save that building by studying the techniques of restoring it using the materials and building techniques of the era the building was built in.
This research rises an important point, which is finding a general prospective of scientific and technical ways in restoring cultural heritage buildings which are made from stone specifically.
From all that above the main issue that this research deals with is “The unclear techniques of restoring cultural heritage buildings in general and the restoration process of Qishla building with stone in specific”.
Accomplishing the aim of this research lies in two points:
First: Studying the rules which govern the restoration process of cultural heritage buildings.
Second: Studying the restoration process of Qishla building and that includes; the restoration process with stone should be done by examining the chemical and physical features of the stone, durability of the used stone, conducting chemical tests in international labs as (ACMAE ANALYSES/ Canada) and the last step is to analyze and discuss the results to take final decisions.
Keyword : Restoration technique, Qishla of Kirkuk, restoration with stone, chemical test of stone, physical test of stone
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
ASTM. (2010). C170c170M-15a-standard-testmethod-forcompressive-strength of dimension stone. In Annual Book of ASTM standards (Vol. 04(07), pp. 1–7).
Bassam, M. (2008). The role of reconstruction in the preservation of archaeological buildings historical Sites. Journal of the General Union of Archaeologists, 10(01), 122.
Charola, E. (2016). Stone deterioration characterization for its conservation. Geonomos, 24(2), 16–20.
https://doi.org/10.18285/geonomos.v24i2.836
Feilden, B. (2003). Conservation of historic buildings (3rd ed.). Architectural Press, Amsterdam.
ICOMOS. (2003). ICOMOS charter – principles for the analysis, conserva-tion and structural restoration of architectural heritage. https://www.icomos.org/charters/structures_e.pdf
Iraq, specification. (1984). Compression test of plaster mortar, No. 27.
Lam, F., Lewis, D., & Sutherland, J. (2008). The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. The Arup Journal, 162, 22–33.
Lakhani, R., & Sharma, R. K. (2018). Strategies for the restoration of heritage buildings: material issues. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329446459_Strategies_for_the_Restoration_of_Heritage_Buildings_Material_Issues
Mardan, N. (2015, September). The Turkmen Presence in Kirkuk as a model of ethnocentric marriages history and present. Cardinia Magazine, 43(06), 6.
Mibei, G. (2014). Introduction to types and classification of rocks. Presented at Short Course IX on exploration for Geothermal Resources. Organized by UNU-GTP, GDC and KenGen, at Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha, Kenya, Nov.
Paajanen, L., & Muinonen, M. (2013). Use of natural stone and stone construction. The Journal of Saimaa University of Applied Sciences, 322(05), 4–5.
Quist, W. J. (2009). Replacement of natural stone in conservation of historic buildings. Heron, 54(04), 259–267.
Republic of Iraq. (2002). Ministry of State for Tourism and Antiquities Affairs, General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage. Law on the Protection of Antiquities and Heritage, 55.
Saatci, S. (2014). The urban fabric and traditional houses of Kirkuk. Fuzuli prees, Istanbul.
Strenchock, F. (1999). Restoration of heritage structures (Msc Dissertation). Technical University of Catalonia, Spain.
Terzibasi, A. (1988). Old Kerkuku Qishlah. Journal of Kardaslik, 194(64–67).