Additional stress in soil embankments subjected to a new prestressed reinforcement device
Abstract
Theoretical solutions were derived to calculate the additional stress/prestress in a newly-developed prestressed embankment (PE), and the diffusion characteristics of the prestress in a PE with a lateral pressure plate (LPP) having width of 0.9 m were clarified using the theoretical solutions and a 3D finite element analysis. The results show that (1) the application of the theoretical solutions requires the net spacing between the LPP and the embankment shoulder is greater than the LPP width; (2) the maximum prestress appears in the upper part of the loading area of a LPP, and the maximum and minimum prestresses present an order of magnitude difference at the shallow depth, but the difference attenuates and the prestress gradually tends to be uniform with increasing depth; (3) the prestress propagates to the core zones that mainly bear the train loads with certain peak stress diffusion angles, and the values for the analyzed case are 50° and 58° in the external regions of the LPP along the slope and longitudinal directions, respectively; and (4) a continuous, effective and relatively uniform prestressing protective layer with a prestress coefficient greater than 0.1 can be formed above the core zones when the LPP spacing is properly designed.
Keyword : prestressed embankment, lateral pressure plate, theoretical solution, additional stress, diffusion characteristic, plate spacing
How to Cite
Zhang, Q., Leng, W., Xu, F., Yang, Q., & Ai, X. (2019). Additional stress in soil embankments subjected to a new prestressed reinforcement device. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 25(7), 700-714. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2019.10532
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Boussinesq, J. (1885). Application des potentiels à l’étude de l’équilibre et du mouvement des solides élastiques. Paris: Gauthier-Villars.
Cerruti, V. (1882). Ricerche intorno all’equilibrio de corpi elastici isotropi. Atti della R. Accademia dei Lincei, Memoriae della classe di scienze fisiche, matematiche e naturali.
Chen, G., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Huang, R., & Liu, M. (2018a). A new method of predicting the prestress variations in anchored cables with excavation unloading destruction. Engineering Geology, 241, 109-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.05.015
Chen, R. P., Chen, J. M., & Wang, H. L. (2014). Recent research on the track-subgrade of high-speed railways. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 15(12), 1034-1038. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1400342
Chen, R. P., Zhao, X., Wang, Z., Jiang, H., & Bian, X. (2013). Experimental study on dynamic load magnification factor for ballastless track-subgrade of high-speed railway. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 5(4), 306-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.04.004
Chen, W. B., Yin, J. H., Feng, W. Q., Borana, L., & Chen, R. P. (2018b). Accumulated permanent axial strain of a subgrade fill under cyclic high-speed railway loading. International Journal of Geomechanics, 18(5), 04018018. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)gm.1943-5622.0001119
Deng, D. P., Zhao, L. H., & Li, L. (2017). Limit-equilibrium analysis on stability of a reinforced slope with a grid beam anchored by cables. International Journal of Geomechanics, 17(9), 06017013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000964
Dong, J., Wu, Z. H., Li, X., & Chen, H. Y. (2018). Dynamic response and pile-soil interaction of a heavy-haul railway embankment slope reinforced by micro-piles. Computers and Geotechnics, 100, 144-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.04.005
Du, Z., Qin, B., & Tian, F. (2016). Numerical analysis of the effects of rock bolts on stress redistribution around a roadway. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 26(6), 975-980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2016.09.003
Esmaeili, M., Naderi, B., Neyestanaki, H. K., & Khodaverdian, A. (2018). Investigating the effect of geogrid on stabilization of high railway embankments. Soils and Foundations, 58(2), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.02.005
Fuggini, C., Zangani, D., Wosniok, A., Krebber, K., & Weigand, F. (2016). Innovative approach in the use of geotextiles for failures prevention in railway embankments. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 1875-1883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.154
German Railway Standard Rail 836. (2008). Erdbauwerkeplanen, bauen und instandhalten (in German).
Ghayoomi, M., Suprunenko, G., & Mirshekari, M. (2017). Cyclic triaxial test to measure strain-dependent shear modulus of unsaturated sand. International Journal of Geomechanics, 17(9), 04017043. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000917
Guo, X., Mao, X., Ma, C., & Huang, J. (2013). Bolt support mechanism based on elastic theory. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 23(4), 469-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2013.07.002
Lackenby, J., Indraratna, B., McDowell, G., & Christie, D. (2007). Effect of confining pressure on ballast degradation and deformation under cyclic triaxial loading. Géotechnique, 57(6), 527-536. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.57.6.527
Lenart, S., Koseki, J., Miyashita, Y., & Sato, T. (2014). Large-scale triaxial tests of dense gravel material at low confining pressures. Soils and Foundations, 54(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2013.12.005
Leng, W. M., Nie, R. S., & Yang, Q. (2016). A new type of prestressed embankment structure and its properties. Journal of the China Railway Society, 38(11), 111-119.
Leng, W. M., Xiao, Y. J., Nie, R. S., Zhou, W. Q., & Liu, W. J. (2017). Investigating strength and deformation characteristics of heavy-haul railway embankment materials using largescale undrained cyclic triaxial tests. International Journal of Geomechanics, 17(9), 04017074. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)gm.1943-5622.0000956
Leshchinsky, B., & Ling, H. (2013). Effects of geocell confinement on strength and deformation behavior of gravel. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139(2), 340-352. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000757
Li, D. (2018). 25 years of heavy axle load railway subgrade research at the facility for accelerated service testing (FAST). Transportation Geotechnics, 17, 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2018.09.003
Li, J., Chen, S. X., & Jiang, L. F. (2016). Test study on the influences of dynamic stress and load history to the dynamic properties of the remolded red clay. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 20(4), G1-G8. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v20n4.54400
Li, J., Chen, S., & Jiang, L. (2015). Dynamic strength and accumulated plastic strain development laws and models of the remolded red clay under long-term cyclic loads: laboratory test results. Polish Maritime Research, 22(s1), 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0038
Li, J., Cheng, S. X., Jiang, L. F., & Xiong, S. D. (2014). Experimental study on influence of stress history on dynamic properties of remolded red clay. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 39(9), 1657-1665.
Lin, B., Zhang, F., Feng, D., Tang, K., & Feng, X. (2017). Accumulative plastic strain of thawed saturated clay under longterm cyclic loading. Engineering Geology, 231, 230-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.09.028
Lin, J., Shi, Y., Sun, Z. Y., Wang, Z. S., & Cai, J. F. (2016). Large scale model test on the distribution characteristics of the prestressed field of end-anchored bolts. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35(11), 2237-2247.
Lv, W. T., & Wang, Y. H. (2004). Dynamic stress analysis of subgrade-bridge transition section of Qin-Shen railway. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23(3), 500-504.
Ozhan, H. O., & Guler, E. (2017). Critical tendon bond length for prestressed ground anchors in pullout performance tests conducted in sand. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 16(10), 1329-1340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-017-0261-0
Sabermahani, M., Esmaeili, M., & Neyestanaki, H. K. (2017). Effect of the grouted tied back-to-back system on the stability of railway embankments. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 18(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.17.00022
Sivakumar, V., Kodikara, J., O’Hagan, R., Hughes, D., Cairns, P., & Mckinley, J. D. (2013). Effects of confining pressure and water content on performance of unsaturated compacted clay under repeated loading. Géotechnique, 63(8), 628-640. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.10.P.103
Thakur, P. K., Vinod, J. S., & Indraratna, B. (2013). Effect of confining pressure and frequency on the deformation of ballast. Géotechnique, 63, 786-790. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.T.001
The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People’s Republic of China. (2014). Code for design of high speed railway (TB 10621-2014). Beijing: China Railway Publishing House.
Wu, Y., Mao, X., Huang, J., Sun, F., & Yao, B. (2010). Action mechanism of a mechanical end-anchorage bolt. Mining Science and Technology, 20(4), 625-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1674-5264(09)60256-8
Xu, H. Y., Chen, L. Z., & Deng, J. L. (2014). Uplift tests of jet mixing anchor pile. Soils and Foundations, 54(2), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.02.008
Xu, M., Tang, Y. F., Liu, X. S., Yang, H. Q., & Luo, B. (2018). A shaking table model test on a rock slope anchored with adaptive anchor cables. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 112, 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.10.021
Xue, J. L. (2014). Influence of reinforcement parameters of reinforced cement soil piles on reinforcement effect of heavy haul railway subgrade. China Railway Science, 35(6), 15-20.
Yang, J., & Feng, Q. B. (2013). A new method for measuring subgrade settlement in high-speed railway by using a linear CCD. Measurement, 46(5), 1751-1756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2012.11.049
Zhang, C. L., Jiang, G. L., & Su, L. J. (2018). Dynamic behaviour of weathered red mudstone in Sichuan (China) under triaxial cyclic loading. Journal of Mountain Science, 15(8), 1789-1806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4756-6