Physical parameters, tensile and compressive strength of dolomite rock samples: influence of grain size
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the strength, physical and engineering index parameters of selected dolomitic rocks with emphasis on grain size. For this purpose, three groups of dolomite from north western Iran, with the same mineral composition but different grain size, were selected; fine grain, medium grain and coarse grain. Three sets of laboratory experiments are performed on 32 samples: first; petrography tests for determining mineral composition and their percentage, and microstructure of rock containing grain size and grain size distribution, second; experiments to determine the physical properties of the rocks included density, compressional and shear wave velocity, and the third category of experiments included uniaxial compressive strength test, Brazilian tensile strength and point load strength. According to the results; there are significant positive correlation between grain size and uniaxial compressive strength (r = 0.89), point load strength (r = 0.58), Brazilian strength (r = 0.69), and average Young’s modulus (r = 0.64). Also, with increasing grain size, density decreases (r = –0.77). There is strong correlation between compressional wave velocity and shear velocity (r = 0.88). There are also a strong correlation among the uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength and point load strength.
Keyword : rock sample, laboratory tests, simple linear regression, dolomite rock, grain size, petrography, uniaxial compressive strength, compressional wave velocity, shear wave velocity, Brazilian tensile strength
How to Cite
Lakirouhani, A., Asemi, F., Zohdi, A., Medzvieckas, J., & Kliukas, R. (2020). Physical parameters, tensile and compressive strength of dolomite rock samples: influence of grain size. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 26(8), 789-799. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.13810
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. (1978). Suggested method for determining tensile strength of rock material. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 15(3), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(78)90003-7
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International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. (1979b). Suggested method for determining Water Content, Porosity, Density, Absorption and Related Properties and Swelling and Slake-durability Index Properties. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 16(2), 141– 156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(79)91453-0
International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. (1985). Suggested method for determining point load strength. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 22, 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(85)92327-7
Lan, H., Martin, C. D., & Hu, B. (2010). Effect of heterogeneity of brittle rock on micromechanical extensile behavior during compression loading. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 115(B1), B01202. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006496
Mazzullo, S. J. (1992). Geochemical and neomorphic alteration of dolomite: a review. Carbonates and Evaporites, 7(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03175390
Meng, Z., & Pan, J. (2007). Correlation between petrographic characteristics and failure duration in clastic rocks. Engineering Geology, 89(3–4), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.10.010
Nicksiar, M., & Martin, C. D. (2014). Factors affecting crack initiation in low porosity crystalline rocks. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 47(4), 1165–1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0451-2
Olsson, W. A. (1974). Grain size dependence of yield stress in marble. Journal of Geophysical Research, 79(32), 4859–4862. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB079i032p04859
Palchik, V., & Hatzor, Y. H. (2000). Correlation between mechanical strength and microstructural parameters of dolomites and limestones in the Judea group, Israel. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 49(2), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1560/LGVQ-HA9E-P1X7-YRAT
Palchik, V., & Hatzor, Y. H. (2004). The influence of porosity on tensile and compressive strength of porous chalks. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 37(4), 331–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-003-0020-1
Pickett, G. R. (1963). Acoustic character logs and their applications in formation evaluation. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 15(6), 659–667. https://doi.org/10.2118/452-PA
Přikryl, R. (2001). Some microstructural aspects of strength variation in rocks. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38(5), 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(01)00031-4
Sibley, D. F., & Gregg, J. M. (1987). Classification of dolomite rock textures. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 57(6), 967–975. https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8CBA-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Skinner, W. J. (1959). Experiments on the compressive strength of anhydrite. The Engineer.
Sousa, L. M. (2013). The influence of the characteristics of quartz and mineral deterioration on the strength of granitic dimensional stones. Environmental Earth Sciences, 69(4), 1333–1346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-2036-x
Tan, X., Konietzky, H., & Chen, W. (2016). Numerical simulation of heterogeneous rock using discrete element model based on digital image processing. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49(12), 4957-4964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1030-0
Tandon, R. S., & Gupta, V. (2013). The control of mineral constituents and textural characteristics on the petrophysical & mechanical (PM) properties of different rocks of the Himalaya. Engineering Geology, 153, 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.11.005
Ündül, Ö. (2016). Assessment of mineralogical and petrographic factors affecting petro-physical properties, strength and cracking processes of volcanic rocks. Engineering Geology, 210, 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.06.001
Ündül, Ö., Amann, F., Aysal, N., & Plötze, M. L. (2015). Microtextural effects on crack initiation and crack propagation of andesitic rocks. Engineering Geology, 193, 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.04.024
Wong, R. H., Chau, K. T., & Wang, P. (1996, July). Microcracking and grain size effect in Yuen Long marbles. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 33(5), 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(96)00007-1
Zhang, L. (2016). Engineering properties of rocks. ButterworthHeinemann.
Aladejare, A. D. (2020). Evaluation of empirical estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of rock using measurements from index and physical tests. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 12(2), 256–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2019.08.001
Amann, F., Ündül, Ö., & Kaiser, P. K. (2014). Crack initiation and crack propagation in heterogeneous sulfate-rich clay rocks. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 47(5), 1849–1865. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0495-3
ANON. (1979). Classification of rocks and soils for engineering geological mapping. Part I – Rock and soil materials. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 19, 364–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600503
Blott, S. J., & Pye, K. (2001). GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26(11), 1237–1248. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.261
Broch, E., & Franklin, J. A. (1972). The point load strength test. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, 9, 669–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(72)90030-7
Eberhardt, E., Stimpson, B., & Stead, D. (1999). Effects of grain size on the initiation and propagation thresholds of stressinduced brittle fractures. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 32(2), 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s006030050026
Farrokhrouz, M., & Asef, M. R. (2017) Experimental investigation for predicting compressive strength of sandstone. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 43, 222–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.03.023
Festa, V., Fiore, A., Luisi, M., Miccoli, M. N., & Spalluto, L. (2018). Petrographic features influencing basic geotechnical parameters of carbonate soft rocks from Apulia (southern Italy). Engineering Geology, 233, 76–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.12.009
Fredrich, J. T., Evans, B., & Wong, T. F. (1990). Effect of grain size on brittle and semi brittle strength: Implications for micromechanical modelling of failure in compression. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95(B7), 10907–10920. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB07p10907
Garia, S., Pal, A. K., Ravi, K., & Nair, A. M. (2019). A comprehensive analysis on the relationships between elastic wave velocities and petrophysical properties of sedimentary rocks based on laboratory measurements. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 9, 1869–1881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-019-0675-0
Ghazvinian, E., Diederichs, M. S., Labrie, D., & Martin, C. D. (2015). An investigation on the fabric type dependency of the crack damage thresholds in brittle rocks. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 33(6), 1409–1429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-015-9909-1
Gregg, J. M., & Sibley, D. F. (1984). Epigenetic dolomitization and the origin of xenotopic dolomite texture. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 54(3), 908–931. https://doi. org/10.1306/212F8535-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Hajian, J., & Zahedi, M. (2004). Zanjan geological map report, Iran, scale 1:100000. Geological Survey of Iran.
Hatzor, Y. H., & Palchik, V. (1998). A microstructure-based failure criterion for Aminadav dolomites. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 35(6), 797–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(98)00004-7
Hemmati, A., Ghafoori, M., Moomivand, H., & Lashkaripour, G. R. (2020). The effect of mineralogy and textural characteristics on the strength of crystalline igneous rocks using image-based textural quantification. Engineering Geology, 266, 105467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105467
Hugman, R. H. H., & Friedman, M. (1979). Effects of texture and composition on mechanical behavior of experimentally deformed carbonate rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 63(3), 1478–1489. https://doi.org/10.1306/2F9185C7-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D
International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. (1978). Suggested method for determining tensile strength of rock material. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 15(3), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(78)90003-7
International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. (1979a). Suggested methods for determining the uniaxial compressive strength and deformability of rock materials. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 16, 135–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(79)91451-7
International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. (1979b). Suggested method for determining Water Content, Porosity, Density, Absorption and Related Properties and Swelling and Slake-durability Index Properties. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 16(2), 141– 156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(79)91453-0
International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. (1985). Suggested method for determining point load strength. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 22, 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(85)92327-7
Lan, H., Martin, C. D., & Hu, B. (2010). Effect of heterogeneity of brittle rock on micromechanical extensile behavior during compression loading. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 115(B1), B01202. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006496
Mazzullo, S. J. (1992). Geochemical and neomorphic alteration of dolomite: a review. Carbonates and Evaporites, 7(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03175390
Meng, Z., & Pan, J. (2007). Correlation between petrographic characteristics and failure duration in clastic rocks. Engineering Geology, 89(3–4), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.10.010
Nicksiar, M., & Martin, C. D. (2014). Factors affecting crack initiation in low porosity crystalline rocks. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 47(4), 1165–1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0451-2
Olsson, W. A. (1974). Grain size dependence of yield stress in marble. Journal of Geophysical Research, 79(32), 4859–4862. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB079i032p04859
Palchik, V., & Hatzor, Y. H. (2000). Correlation between mechanical strength and microstructural parameters of dolomites and limestones in the Judea group, Israel. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 49(2), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1560/LGVQ-HA9E-P1X7-YRAT
Palchik, V., & Hatzor, Y. H. (2004). The influence of porosity on tensile and compressive strength of porous chalks. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 37(4), 331–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-003-0020-1
Pickett, G. R. (1963). Acoustic character logs and their applications in formation evaluation. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 15(6), 659–667. https://doi.org/10.2118/452-PA
Přikryl, R. (2001). Some microstructural aspects of strength variation in rocks. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38(5), 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(01)00031-4
Sibley, D. F., & Gregg, J. M. (1987). Classification of dolomite rock textures. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 57(6), 967–975. https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8CBA-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Skinner, W. J. (1959). Experiments on the compressive strength of anhydrite. The Engineer.
Sousa, L. M. (2013). The influence of the characteristics of quartz and mineral deterioration on the strength of granitic dimensional stones. Environmental Earth Sciences, 69(4), 1333–1346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-2036-x
Tan, X., Konietzky, H., & Chen, W. (2016). Numerical simulation of heterogeneous rock using discrete element model based on digital image processing. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49(12), 4957-4964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1030-0
Tandon, R. S., & Gupta, V. (2013). The control of mineral constituents and textural characteristics on the petrophysical & mechanical (PM) properties of different rocks of the Himalaya. Engineering Geology, 153, 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.11.005
Ündül, Ö. (2016). Assessment of mineralogical and petrographic factors affecting petro-physical properties, strength and cracking processes of volcanic rocks. Engineering Geology, 210, 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.06.001
Ündül, Ö., Amann, F., Aysal, N., & Plötze, M. L. (2015). Microtextural effects on crack initiation and crack propagation of andesitic rocks. Engineering Geology, 193, 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.04.024
Wong, R. H., Chau, K. T., & Wang, P. (1996, July). Microcracking and grain size effect in Yuen Long marbles. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 33(5), 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(96)00007-1
Zhang, L. (2016). Engineering properties of rocks. ButterworthHeinemann.