Development and testing of glow-in-the-dark concrete based raised pavement marker for improved traffic safety
Abstract
Road infrastructure has witnessed incremental changes in the past as compared to the immense development witnessed by the vehicle’s safety technology. Bott’s dots and other reflector devices are extensively used on the road infrastructure for lane separation and for improving edge detection. These devices come in a large variety of shapes and sizes, however, all of them fall under the category of retroreflectivity since they depend on vehicle lights to provide reflection. Glow-in-the-dark (GiD) material has the benefit that it can store energy during the presence of light and can emit the stored energy in the form of visible light in the absence of an external light source. In this regard, the presented research work details the development and testing of GiD concrete based markers that can be used for lane separation and edge detection. The benefit of the presented innovation is that GiD concrete based markers can be used for visible light instead of retroreflectivity in addition to acting as a driver alertness tool. The durability performance of the presented innovative GiD based raised pavement markers has been presented along with cost comparison to traditional Bott’s dot. In addition, the presented prototype can be adopted for various architectural and esthetical applications in buildings, parks, walkways and bicycle lanes etc.
Keyword : glow-in-the-dark concrete, traffic safety, construction materials, infrastructure design, performance testing, road furniture
How to Cite
Saleem, M., & Hosoda, A. (2021). Development and testing of glow-in-the-dark concrete based raised pavement marker for improved traffic safety. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 27(5), 278-287. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2021.14902
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Sathyanarayanan, S. (2007). Semi-parametric modeling of pavement marking visibility degradation [PhD dissertation]. Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Smadi, O., Hawkins, N., Aldemir-Bektas, B., Carlson, P., Pike, A., & Davies, C. (2014). Recommended laboratory test for predicting the initial retroreflectivity of pavement markings from glass bead quality. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2440, 94–102. https://doi.org/10.3141/2440-12
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Teo, H. T., & Tan, Y. S. (2020). Fast object detection on the road. In 2020 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS) (pp. 173–176). Ha Long, Vietnam. https://doi.org/10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301706
Texas Transportation Institute. (2009). Development of measures to improve field performance of retroreflective raised pavement markers. Raised pavement marker improvements.
Traffic and Safety Division. (1995). Skid testing of pavement markings (Final Report, TSD-277-75).
Utah Department of Transportation. (2012). Pavement marking paint.
Wiese, A., Washington, T., Tao, B., & Weiss, W. J. (2015). Assessing the performance of glow in the dark concrete. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2508(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.3141/2508-04
Zitoun, D., Bernaud, L., & Manteghetti, A. (2009). Microwave synthesis of a long-lasting phosphor. Journal of Chemical Education, 86(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed086p72
American Society for Testing and Materials. (2015). Standard test method for compressive properties of rigid plastics (No. ASTM D695-15). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society for Testing and Materials. (2018a). Standard specification for extended life type, nonplowable, raised retroreflective pavement markers (No. ASTM D4280). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society for Testing and Materials. (2018b). Standard test method for measuring surface frictional properties using the British pendulum tester (No. ASTM E303-93(2018)). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society for Testing and Materials. (2020). Standard tables for reference solar spectral irradiances: Direct normal and hemispherical on 37° tilted surface (No. ASTM G17303(2020)). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bahar, G., Masliah, M., Erwin, T., Tan, E., & Hauer, E. (2006). Pavement marking materials and markers: Real-world relationship between retroreflectivity and safety over time (NCHRP Web Only Document 92). Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
BBC News. (2014a). Glow in the dark road unveiled in the Netherlands. http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-27021291
BBC News. (2014b). Netherlands glow-in-the dark cycle path unveiled. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/technology-30024883/netherlands-glow-in-the-dark-cycle-path-unveiled
Blamire, J. (2003). Atomic structure. The nature of electron and energy. http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/LAD/C3/C3_elecEnergy.html
Britannica. (2020). Orbits and energy levels. https://www.britannica.com/science/atom/Orbits-and-energy-levels
British Standards Institution (1927). Street lighting (British Standard Specification 307).
Cafiso, S., & D’Agostino, C. (2016). Assessing the stochastic variability of the benefit-cost ratio in roadway safety management. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 93, 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2016.04.027
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Global road traffic crash deaths, injuries, and costs.
Euro NCAP. (2020). The European New Car Assessment Programme. https://www.euroncap.com/en
Giuliani, F., & Autelitano, F. (2014). Revêtements routiers photoluminescents: étude expérimentale préliminaire en laboratoire [Photoluminescent road surface dressing: a first laboratory experimental investigation]. Matériaux Techniques, 102(6–7), 603. https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2014030
Hautière, N., Dumont, E., Brémond, R., & Ledoux, V. (2009). Review of the mechanisms of visibility reduction by rain and wet road. In 8th International Symposium on Automotive Lighting. München, Herbert Utz Verlag.
Jarašūnienė, A., & Jakubauskas, G. (2007). Improvement of road safety using passive and active intelligent vehicle safety systems. Transport, 22(4), 284–289. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638143
Kostic, M., & L. Djokic, L. (2009). Recommendations for energy efficient and visually acceptable street lighting. Energy, 34(10), 1565–1572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.06.056
Mai, J. (2018). China’s ‘solar highway’ was victim of heavy traffic and bad design, not thieves, report says. South China Moring Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2131241/chinas-solar-highway-was-victim-heavy-traffic-and-bad-design-not
Matsuzawa, T., Aoki, Y., Takeuchi, N., & Murayama, Y. (1996). A new long phosphorescent phosphor with high brightness, SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 143(5), 2670. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1837067
McGrath, T. (2014). The Netherlands debuts a futuristic highway that glows in the dark. https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-04-15/netherlands-debuts-futuristic-highway-glows-dark
Nance, J., & Sparks, T. D. (2020a). From streetlights to phosphors: A review on the visibility of roadway markings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 148, 105749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105749
Nance, J., & Sparks, T. D. (2020b). Comparison of coatings for SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+powder in waterborne road stripping paint under wet conditions. Progress in Organic Coatings, 144, 105637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105637
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2020). Unified facilities guide specifications – pavement markings (NASA Research Report).
Okada, J. (2015). Lotus ceramics for counteracting urban heat island effects. In F. Pacheco-Torgal, J. Labrincha, L. Cabeza, & C.-G. Granqvist (Eds.), Eco-efficient materials for mitigating building cooling needs. Design, properties and applications (pp. 195–213). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-380-5.00007-8
Omran, A., & Tagnit-Hamoua, A. (2016). Performance of glasspowder concrete in field applications. Construction and Building Materials, 109, 84–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.006
Praticò, F. G., Noto, S., & Moro, A. (2016). Optimisation of photoluminescent painting treatments on different surface layers. In Proceedings of 4th Chinese-European Workshop on Functional Pavement Design (CEW 2016). Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315643274-168
Praticò, F. G., Vaiana, R., & Noto, S. (2018). Photoluminescent road coatings for open-graded and dense-graded asphalts: Theoretical and experimental investigation. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30(8), 04018173. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002361
Rojas-Hernandez, R. E., Rubio-Marcos, F., Rodriguez, M. Á., & Fernandez, J. F. (2018). Long lasting phosphors: SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy as the most studied material. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81(Part 2), 2759–2770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.081
Saleem, M. (2016). Investigating the effect of impact loading generated due to moving truck wheel on smart road lane separator. Qassim University Journal of Engineering and Computer Sciences, 9(2), 85–99.
Saleem, M. (2020). GiD raised lane separator [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIg8zz6T2ys
Saleem, M., & Blaisi, N. I. (2019). Development, testing, and environmental impact assessment of glow-in-the-dark concrete. Structural Concrete, 20, 1792–1803. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201800221
Saleem, M., Shami, M. & Najjar, M. (2017). Development of smart material lane separator for increased traffic safety. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 143(5), 04016129. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001240
Santamouris, M. (2013). Using cool pavements as a mitigation strategy to fight urban heat island. A review of the actual developments. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 26, 224–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.047
Sathyanarayanan, S. (2007). Semi-parametric modeling of pavement marking visibility degradation [PhD dissertation]. Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Smadi, O., Hawkins, N., Aldemir-Bektas, B., Carlson, P., Pike, A., & Davies, C. (2014). Recommended laboratory test for predicting the initial retroreflectivity of pavement markings from glass bead quality. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2440, 94–102. https://doi.org/10.3141/2440-12
Solar Roadways Incorporated. (2020). Products. http://solarroadways.com/Product/Applications
State of California Department of Transportation. (2018). Markings.
STG Aerospace. (2020). The highest performing photoluminescent floor path marking system.
Teo, H. T., & Tan, Y. S. (2020). Fast object detection on the road. In 2020 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS) (pp. 173–176). Ha Long, Vietnam. https://doi.org/10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301706
Texas Transportation Institute. (2009). Development of measures to improve field performance of retroreflective raised pavement markers. Raised pavement marker improvements.
Traffic and Safety Division. (1995). Skid testing of pavement markings (Final Report, TSD-277-75).
Utah Department of Transportation. (2012). Pavement marking paint.
Wiese, A., Washington, T., Tao, B., & Weiss, W. J. (2015). Assessing the performance of glow in the dark concrete. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2508(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.3141/2508-04
Zitoun, D., Bernaud, L., & Manteghetti, A. (2009). Microwave synthesis of a long-lasting phosphor. Journal of Chemical Education, 86(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed086p72