Design and water-saving capacity of planting roof with compound irrigation and stab-resistant function
Abstract
With the continuous development of urban construction, the contradiction between human settlement and the natural environment is becoming increasingly prominent. Increasing the green area and improving the local environment and microclimate through roof planting can effectively alleviate this contradiction. On the basis of the research on the current situation and challenging problems of planting roofs, a comprehensive study of construction, stab-resistance, waterproofing, irrigation and plant landscape is combined with a designed roof case. Research results show that the planting roof is simple in construction, has high resistance to plant root thorns, can take into account the function and aesthetics of plant landscape design, and saves irrigation water by more than 60%, which will help the popularization and promotion of urban planting roofs.
Keyword : compound irrigation, roof stab-resistance, roof structure, planting roof, landscape design, water-saving capacity
How to Cite
Fan, Z., Liu, J., Fan, Y., & Pan, J. (2024). Design and water-saving capacity of planting roof with compound irrigation and stab-resistant function. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 32(3), 222–230. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2024.21836
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Bass, B. (2008). Should you put your energy into green roofs to reduce energy consumption in your building. Journal of Green Building, 3(2), 26–40. https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.3.2.26
Cai, J., Tan, W., & Yan, B. (2011). The structure of urban green space system to tackle heat-island effect. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15(2), 755–758.
Cao, C., Liu, H., & Wang, N. (2013). Design and practice of rainwater utilization system for roof garden. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29(9), 76–85.
Cascone, S. (2019). Green roof design: State of the art on technology and materials. Sustainability, 11(11), Article 3020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113020
Chen, N., Li, J., Lyu, W., & Wang, S. (2015). Effects of different rotational tillage patterns on soil physical properties and yield of winter wheat-spring maize rotation field in Weibei highland. Zhongguo Shengtai Nongye Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 23(9), 1102–1111.
Chen, S., Lang, W., Li, X., Shen, C., & Fan, Q. (2018). Determining the influence of building density on heat island effect using Baidu map and remote sensing. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 84(9), 549–558. https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.84.9.549
Chen, X. (2020). Landscape design and plant application of urban rooftop gardens. Industrial Construction, 50(01), 219–220.
China Institute of Building Standard Design Research. (2013). Planting Roof Building Construction (14J206-ZW1). Beijing, China.
Chowdhury, R. K., & Abaya, J. S. (2018). An experimental study of greywater irrigated green roof systems in an arid climate. The Journal of Water Management Modeling, 26(C437), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.14796/JWMM.C437
Contreras-Bejarano, O., & Villegas-González, P. A. (2019). Green roofs for comprehensive water management: Case study in Chapinero, Colombia. Tecnología y ciencias del agua, 10(5), 282–318. https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2019-05-11
Fan, Z., & Mi, Y. (2017). A kind of composite storage and drainage intelligent inverted rigid roof (CN104831873B). Jiangxi, China.
Gan, W. (2015). Application of new materials in the reconstruction of Roof Garden. Chinese Horticulture Abstracts, 31(08), 99–101.
Guangzhou Market Supervision Bureau. (2019). Guangzhou roof greening technical specification (DB4401∕T 23-2019). Guangdong, China.
Heim, A., & Lundholm, J. (2014). Species interactions in green roof vegetation suggest complementary planting mixtures. Landscape and Urban Planning, 130, 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.07.007
Jiang, Y., Huang, X., Xiong, Y., Cai, Y., & Wu, X. (2018). Evaluation and application of the construction technology of super large scale planting roof for tianhe airport traffic center. Construction Technology, 47(05), 11–16.
Jin, X., Hu, Y., Zhou, G., Huang, Z., Li, R., & Meng, Q. (2019). A study on the insulation effect of the roof greening overhead structure in hot-moist regions. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 330, Article 022018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/330/2/022018
Jing, F., Duan, A., Zhang, Y., Lou, H., Gong, W., Sun, M., & Liu, Z. (2022). The effects of soil water on accuracy of different methods for calculating evapotranspiration from winter wheat field. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 41(05), 17–26.
Jing, H. (2014). The planning and design of roof gardens in contemporary cities. Journal of Nantong University (Social Sciences Edition), 30(01), 91–97.
Li, D., & Qin, Z. (2017). Waterproofing Technology for Planted Roof of 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake Memorial Hall. China Building Waterproofing, 34(11), 15–17.
Li, G., Zhang, P., Chen, Q., & Zhang, Z. (2022a). A preliminary exploration of different planting combinations of extensive green roof in warm temperate semi humid climate zone. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 31(5), 4721–4734. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/149574
Li, H., Jombach, S., Tian, G., Li, Y., & Meng, H. (2022b). Characterizing temporal dynamics of urban heat island in a rapidly expanding city: A 39 years study in Zhengzhou, China. Land, 11(10), Article 1838. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101838
Li, Y., & Babcock, R. W. (2014). Green roofs against pollution and climate change. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34, 695–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0230-9
Lin, Y. J., Sun, C. Y., & Lin, H. T. (2013). Designing a sustainable planting module for extensive green roofs under the tropical climate. Advanced Materials Research, 650, 677–680. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.650.677
Liu, L., Li, R., & Zeng, Y. (2019). The contribution of the extensive green roof with the integration of landscape and ecological environment: Taking California Academy of sciences as an example. ZHUANGSHI, 62(08), 138–139.
Liu, T. C., Shyu, G. S., Fang, W. T., Liu, S. Y., & Cheng, B. Y. (2012). Drought tolerance and thermal effect measurements for plants suitable for extensive green roof planting in humid subtropical climates. Energy and Buildings, 47, 180–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.11.043
Maftouni, N., & Askari, M. (2019). Building energy optimization: Implementing green roof and rainwater harvester system for a residential building. Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, 6(2), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.30501/jree.2019.96023
Ministry of Construction. (2007). Technical specification for planting roof (JGJ155-2007). Beijing, China.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. (2013). Technical specification for planting roof (JGJ155-2013). Beijing, China.
Ou, W. S. (2018). Sustainable development of building of extensive roof greening in Taiwan. International Journal of Green Energy, 15(6), 371–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2016.1242072
Petra, S. A., Georgescu, M. I., Manescu, C. R., Florin, T., Badea, M. L., & Dobrescu, E. (2020). Leaves anatomical and physiological adaptations of Vinca major ‘Variegata’and Hedera helix L. to specific roof garden conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 48(1), 318–328. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha48111784
Pirouz, B., Palermo, S. A., Becciu, G., Sanfilippo, U., Nejad, H. J., Piro, P., & Turco, M. (2023). A novel multipurpose self-irrigated green roof with innovative drainage layer. Hydrology, 10(3), Article 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10030057
Qiu, Z., & Guan, J. (2011). Estimation of water requirements for irrigation of landscape plants. Water Saving Irrigation, 36(04), 48–50+54.
Vijayaraghavan, K. (2016). Green roofs: A critical review on the role of components, benefits, limitations and trends. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 740–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.119
Wang, B., Shan, J., & Han, L. (2015). An analysis of domestic green roof construction techniques. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 31(11), 18–21.
Wong, N. H., & Yu, C. (2005). Study of green areas and urban heat island in a tropical city. Habitat International, 29(3), 547–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2004.04.008
Wu, X., Zhang, Q., Huang, S., & Wang, Z. (2022). Effects of microfiber capillary wicking irrigation on soil moisture and evapotranspiration of green roofs. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 38(02), 131–138.
Wu, Y. J., Xu, D., & Wang, X. Y. (2012). Planting roof green technology research and discussion. Advanced Materials Research, 403, 1716–1719. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.403-408.1716
Xiong, B., Li, J., & Zhang, J. (2004). Creating a sound urban water environment [Paper presentation]. 2004 International Symposium on Urban Water Conservancy Construction and Development, Beijing.
Xue, M., & Farrell, C. (2020). Use of organic wastes to create lightweight green roof substrates with increased plant-available water. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 48, Article 126569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126569
Yang, X., Yue, W., Xu, H., Wu, J., & He, Y. (2014). Environmental consequences of rapid urbanization in Zhejiang province, East China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(7), 7045–7059. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110707045
Yu, F. W. (2020). The path of realizing smart agriculture based on the concept of green development. Frontiers, 24, 79–89.
Zhang, J., Ma, Z., Liu, F., & Chen, L. (2009). Waterproof properties of heat-preservation roofing board. Journal of Building Materials, 12(01), 90–92.
Zhang, S., & Hu, X. (2018). Construction Technology for Planted Roof of Weifang Cultural and Art Center, Shandong. China Building Waterproofing, 35(07), 15–18.
Zhu, Y., Liu, K., Wang, L., Shi, L., & Yang, J. (2016). Coupling model of EPIC-Nitrogen2D and crop growth, soil water, nitrogen dynamics in winter wheat. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 32(21), 141–151.
Zhu, Z., Yu, Y., & Cao, L. (2015). Green waterproofing material and its evaluation. China Building Waterproofing, 32(18), 4–9.
Zuo, M., Zhu, S., Xu, Q., Chen, Z., Ouyang, K., & Jiang, y. (2018). Discussion on new planting roof structure and its optimization practice. New Building Materials, 45(02), 122–125.
Cai, J., Tan, W., & Yan, B. (2011). The structure of urban green space system to tackle heat-island effect. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15(2), 755–758.
Cao, C., Liu, H., & Wang, N. (2013). Design and practice of rainwater utilization system for roof garden. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29(9), 76–85.
Cascone, S. (2019). Green roof design: State of the art on technology and materials. Sustainability, 11(11), Article 3020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113020
Chen, N., Li, J., Lyu, W., & Wang, S. (2015). Effects of different rotational tillage patterns on soil physical properties and yield of winter wheat-spring maize rotation field in Weibei highland. Zhongguo Shengtai Nongye Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 23(9), 1102–1111.
Chen, S., Lang, W., Li, X., Shen, C., & Fan, Q. (2018). Determining the influence of building density on heat island effect using Baidu map and remote sensing. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 84(9), 549–558. https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.84.9.549
Chen, X. (2020). Landscape design and plant application of urban rooftop gardens. Industrial Construction, 50(01), 219–220.
China Institute of Building Standard Design Research. (2013). Planting Roof Building Construction (14J206-ZW1). Beijing, China.
Chowdhury, R. K., & Abaya, J. S. (2018). An experimental study of greywater irrigated green roof systems in an arid climate. The Journal of Water Management Modeling, 26(C437), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.14796/JWMM.C437
Contreras-Bejarano, O., & Villegas-González, P. A. (2019). Green roofs for comprehensive water management: Case study in Chapinero, Colombia. Tecnología y ciencias del agua, 10(5), 282–318. https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2019-05-11
Fan, Z., & Mi, Y. (2017). A kind of composite storage and drainage intelligent inverted rigid roof (CN104831873B). Jiangxi, China.
Gan, W. (2015). Application of new materials in the reconstruction of Roof Garden. Chinese Horticulture Abstracts, 31(08), 99–101.
Guangzhou Market Supervision Bureau. (2019). Guangzhou roof greening technical specification (DB4401∕T 23-2019). Guangdong, China.
Heim, A., & Lundholm, J. (2014). Species interactions in green roof vegetation suggest complementary planting mixtures. Landscape and Urban Planning, 130, 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.07.007
Jiang, Y., Huang, X., Xiong, Y., Cai, Y., & Wu, X. (2018). Evaluation and application of the construction technology of super large scale planting roof for tianhe airport traffic center. Construction Technology, 47(05), 11–16.
Jin, X., Hu, Y., Zhou, G., Huang, Z., Li, R., & Meng, Q. (2019). A study on the insulation effect of the roof greening overhead structure in hot-moist regions. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 330, Article 022018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/330/2/022018
Jing, F., Duan, A., Zhang, Y., Lou, H., Gong, W., Sun, M., & Liu, Z. (2022). The effects of soil water on accuracy of different methods for calculating evapotranspiration from winter wheat field. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 41(05), 17–26.
Jing, H. (2014). The planning and design of roof gardens in contemporary cities. Journal of Nantong University (Social Sciences Edition), 30(01), 91–97.
Li, D., & Qin, Z. (2017). Waterproofing Technology for Planted Roof of 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake Memorial Hall. China Building Waterproofing, 34(11), 15–17.
Li, G., Zhang, P., Chen, Q., & Zhang, Z. (2022a). A preliminary exploration of different planting combinations of extensive green roof in warm temperate semi humid climate zone. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 31(5), 4721–4734. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/149574
Li, H., Jombach, S., Tian, G., Li, Y., & Meng, H. (2022b). Characterizing temporal dynamics of urban heat island in a rapidly expanding city: A 39 years study in Zhengzhou, China. Land, 11(10), Article 1838. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101838
Li, Y., & Babcock, R. W. (2014). Green roofs against pollution and climate change. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34, 695–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0230-9
Lin, Y. J., Sun, C. Y., & Lin, H. T. (2013). Designing a sustainable planting module for extensive green roofs under the tropical climate. Advanced Materials Research, 650, 677–680. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.650.677
Liu, L., Li, R., & Zeng, Y. (2019). The contribution of the extensive green roof with the integration of landscape and ecological environment: Taking California Academy of sciences as an example. ZHUANGSHI, 62(08), 138–139.
Liu, T. C., Shyu, G. S., Fang, W. T., Liu, S. Y., & Cheng, B. Y. (2012). Drought tolerance and thermal effect measurements for plants suitable for extensive green roof planting in humid subtropical climates. Energy and Buildings, 47, 180–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.11.043
Maftouni, N., & Askari, M. (2019). Building energy optimization: Implementing green roof and rainwater harvester system for a residential building. Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, 6(2), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.30501/jree.2019.96023
Ministry of Construction. (2007). Technical specification for planting roof (JGJ155-2007). Beijing, China.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. (2013). Technical specification for planting roof (JGJ155-2013). Beijing, China.
Ou, W. S. (2018). Sustainable development of building of extensive roof greening in Taiwan. International Journal of Green Energy, 15(6), 371–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2016.1242072
Petra, S. A., Georgescu, M. I., Manescu, C. R., Florin, T., Badea, M. L., & Dobrescu, E. (2020). Leaves anatomical and physiological adaptations of Vinca major ‘Variegata’and Hedera helix L. to specific roof garden conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 48(1), 318–328. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha48111784
Pirouz, B., Palermo, S. A., Becciu, G., Sanfilippo, U., Nejad, H. J., Piro, P., & Turco, M. (2023). A novel multipurpose self-irrigated green roof with innovative drainage layer. Hydrology, 10(3), Article 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10030057
Qiu, Z., & Guan, J. (2011). Estimation of water requirements for irrigation of landscape plants. Water Saving Irrigation, 36(04), 48–50+54.
Vijayaraghavan, K. (2016). Green roofs: A critical review on the role of components, benefits, limitations and trends. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 740–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.119
Wang, B., Shan, J., & Han, L. (2015). An analysis of domestic green roof construction techniques. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 31(11), 18–21.
Wong, N. H., & Yu, C. (2005). Study of green areas and urban heat island in a tropical city. Habitat International, 29(3), 547–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2004.04.008
Wu, X., Zhang, Q., Huang, S., & Wang, Z. (2022). Effects of microfiber capillary wicking irrigation on soil moisture and evapotranspiration of green roofs. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 38(02), 131–138.
Wu, Y. J., Xu, D., & Wang, X. Y. (2012). Planting roof green technology research and discussion. Advanced Materials Research, 403, 1716–1719. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.403-408.1716
Xiong, B., Li, J., & Zhang, J. (2004). Creating a sound urban water environment [Paper presentation]. 2004 International Symposium on Urban Water Conservancy Construction and Development, Beijing.
Xue, M., & Farrell, C. (2020). Use of organic wastes to create lightweight green roof substrates with increased plant-available water. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 48, Article 126569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126569
Yang, X., Yue, W., Xu, H., Wu, J., & He, Y. (2014). Environmental consequences of rapid urbanization in Zhejiang province, East China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(7), 7045–7059. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110707045
Yu, F. W. (2020). The path of realizing smart agriculture based on the concept of green development. Frontiers, 24, 79–89.
Zhang, J., Ma, Z., Liu, F., & Chen, L. (2009). Waterproof properties of heat-preservation roofing board. Journal of Building Materials, 12(01), 90–92.
Zhang, S., & Hu, X. (2018). Construction Technology for Planted Roof of Weifang Cultural and Art Center, Shandong. China Building Waterproofing, 35(07), 15–18.
Zhu, Y., Liu, K., Wang, L., Shi, L., & Yang, J. (2016). Coupling model of EPIC-Nitrogen2D and crop growth, soil water, nitrogen dynamics in winter wheat. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 32(21), 141–151.
Zhu, Z., Yu, Y., & Cao, L. (2015). Green waterproofing material and its evaluation. China Building Waterproofing, 32(18), 4–9.
Zuo, M., Zhu, S., Xu, Q., Chen, Z., Ouyang, K., & Jiang, y. (2018). Discussion on new planting roof structure and its optimization practice. New Building Materials, 45(02), 122–125.