CEE labour markets – homogeneity or diversity?
Abstract
The aim of the article is to assess real changes taking place on CEE labour markets over the last fifteen years, taking into account as the initial point of analysis – 2004, i.e. the moment of extension of the EU by the first CEE countries and as a final point of analysis – 2019. The research was conducted in two stages. The authors made comparisons with the use of the TOPSIS method, which allowed for creating rankings of CEE countries in terms of labour market situation in the analysed years. The second stage of the study involved the analysis of relations between employment and GDP by an estimation of the multiple regression model. The conducted analysis proves that CEE countries are diversified when it comes to the labour market situation. These countries are also characterized by significant dynamics of changes in the labour market.
First published online 05 July 2021
Keyword : CEE countries, labour market, TOPSIS method, regression model
How to Cite
Rollnik-Sadowska, E., & Jarocka, M. (2021). CEE labour markets – homogeneity or diversity?. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 27(5), 1142-1158. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2021.15014
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Moszyński, M. (2013). Labor markets in the Central and Eastern European Countries during the Economic Downturn. In A. P. Balcerzak (Ed.), Labour markets in the global financial crisis. Polish Economy Branch in Toruń.
Nazarko, J., & Chodakowska, E. (2017). Labour efficiency in construction industry in Europe based on frontier methods: data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 23(6), 787–795. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1321577
Novák, Z. (2020). Structural change in Central and South Eastern Europe—does technological efficiency harm the labour market? Sustainability, 12(11), 4704. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114704
Okun, A. M. (1962). Potential GNP: its measurement and significance. In Proceedings of the Business and Economics Statistics (pp. 98–104). American Statistical Association.
Pietrzak, M. B. (2016). Application of TOPSIS method in condition of the presence of spatial dependence (Working Papers No. 38). Institute of Economic Research (IER), Toruń.
Pilc, M. (2015). Determinants of the labour market institutions in post-socialist economies. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 48, 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2015.06.008
Pizzo, A. (2020). Literature review of empirical studies on Okun’s law in Latin America and the Caribbean (Employment Working Paper No. 252). International Labour Office, Geneva.
Revenga, A. L., & Bentolila, S. (1995). What affects the employment rate intensity of growth? (Banco de España - Servicio de Estudios Documento de Trabajo No. 9517). https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/322620489.pdf
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Rollnik-Sadowska, E. (2014). Model WellBox – możliwości realizacji na polskim rynku pracy (na przykładzie Klubów Integracji Społecznej w Łapach i Zabłudowie). Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje, 26, 155–167.
Rollnik-Sadowska, E. (2016, May 19–20). Labour markets in the central and eastern Europe – comparative analysis. In 21st International Scientific Conference on Smart and Efficient Economy (pp. 387–393), Brno, Czech Republic.
Rollnik-Sadowska, E., Jarocka M., & Dąbrowska, E. (2020). Diversity of regional labour markets in Poland. European Research Studies Journal, 23(4), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1670
Shih, H.-S., Shyur, H.-J., & Lee, E. S. (2007). An extension of TOPSIS for group decision making. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 45, 801–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2006.03.023
Sikulova, I., & Frank, K. (2014). Transition to market economy in the Central and Eastern European countries – comparative analysis. European Scientific Journal, 1, 544–554.
Sögner, L., & Stiassny, A. (2000). A cross-country study on Okun’s law (Working Papers Series: Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness No. 13, pp. 1–24). Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration.
Stanimir, A. (2020). Generation Y on labour market? perception of work values and quality of job, International Journal of Economic Sciences, 1, 202–223. https://doi.org/10.20472/ES.2020.9.1.011
Strzała K., & Przechlewski, T. (1994). Ekonometria inaczej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk.
Svejnar, J. (2002). Labour market flexibility in Central and East Europe (William Davidson Working Paper No. 496, pp. 1–26). University of Michigan Business School.
Szalai, J. (2002). From opposition in private to engagement in public: motives for citizen participation in the post-1989 democracies of Central Europe. Social Research, 69(1), 71–82.
Veebel, V., Namm, A., & Tillmann, T. (2014). Testing the myths of transition: was estonia following the shock therapy model and Slovenia following the gradualist model in 1991-2000? Studies of Transition States and Societies, 6(2), 5–21.
Warzecha, K. (2018). Taxonomic analysis of changes on labour markets in Central and Eastern Europe countries. In Proceedings of 18th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment (pp. 492–501), Bratislava, Slovakia and Prague, Czech Republic.
Winiecki, J. (2008). Employment and unemployment in transition: the legacy of the communist past. Post-Communist Economies, 20, 377–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631370802281480
Zhofchinova, V., & Grabowska, Z. (2019). Problems of unemployment through the employment policy in the labour market: the case of the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. Public Administration Issues, 5, 103–119. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2019-0-5-103-119
Żołędowski, C. (2020). Poland in international migrations: the perspective of world systems theory. Miscellanea Geographica, 24(2), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0005
Brejc, M., & Diamantopoulou, A. (2000). Joint assessment of the employment policy priorities of Slovenia. The European Commision and the Government of Slovenia.
Cazes, S., & Nesporova, A. (2003). Labour markets in transition: balancing flexibility and security in Central and Eastern Europe. ILO, Geneva. https://doi.org/10.3917/reof.075.0023
de Koning, J. (Ed.). (2007). Employment and training policies in Central and Eastern Europe. A transitional labour market perspective. Dutch University Press.
Džunić, M., Stanković, J., & Janković-Milić, V. (2018). Multi-criteria approach in evaluating contribution of social entrepreneurship to the employment of socially-excluded groups. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 24(5), 1885–1908. https://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2017.1347906
Ertman, A. (2011). Zróżnicowanie elastyczności rynków pracy w wybranych krajach europejskich oraz USA w świetle metody TOPSIS (Differences in flexibility of labour markets in OECD countries – the TOPSIS method). Oeconomia Copernicana, 3, 43–64. https://doi.org/10.12775/OeC.2011.012
European Commission. (2019). 2019 European Semester: Assessment of progress on structural reforms, prevention and correction of macroeconomic imbalances, and results of in-depth reviews under Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011 (Country Report Poland 2019, Commission Staff Working Document). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52019SC1020
Fedajev, A., Nikolic, D., Radulescu, M., & Sinisi, C. I. (2019). Patterns of structural changes in CEE economies in new millennium. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 25(6), 1336– 1362. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2019.11253
Feldmann, M. (2017). Crisis and opportunity: varieties of capitalism and varieties of crisis responses in Estonia and Slovenia. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 23(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680116672280
Giudici, P. (2003). Applied data mining. Statistical methods for business and industry. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Guisinger, A. Y., Hernandez-Murillo, R., Owyang, M., & Sinclair, T. M. (2015). A statelevel analysis of Okun’s Law (FEDL Working Paper No. 2015-029A). Federal Reserve Bank. https://doi.org/10.26509/wp-201523
Hutengs, O., & Stadtmann, G. (2014). Don’t trust anybody over 30: youth unemployment and Okun’s law in CEE countries. Bank i Kredyt, 45(1), 1–16.
Hwang, C. L., & Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple attribute decision making. Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48318-9
Jarocka, M. (2013). Wpływ metody doboru cech diagnostycznych na wynik porządkowania liniowego na przykładzie rankingu polskich uczelni. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, Taksonomia, 21(279), 85–94.
Johnston, A., & Huggins, R. (2018). Regional growth dynamics in the service sector: The determinants of employment change in UK regions, 1971–2005. Growth and Change, 49(1), 71–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12221
Kolevi, K., & Tsoklinova, M. (2018). Determinants of employment in Bulgaria. In RTU 59th International Scientific Conference on Economics and Entrepreneurship SCEE’2018 Proceedings (pp. 48–53), Riga Technical University.
Kotlorz, D., & Sojka, E. (2017). Wzrost gospodarczy a zatrudnienie w Polsce w latach 1995–2014. Studia prawno-ekonomiczne, 105, 259–275.
Kukuła, K. (2000). Metoda unitaryzacji zerowej. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Lallement, M. (2011). Europe and the economic crisis: forms of labour market adjustment and varieties of capitalism. Work, Employment and Society, 25(4), 627–641. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017011419717
Lipták, K. (2013). The labour market situation in the Central-Eastern European region – towards a new labour paradigm. Journal of Geography and Geology, 5(3), 88–100. https://doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v5n3p88
Młodak A. (2006). Analiza taksonomiczna w statystyce regionalnej. Difin.
Mohaghar, A., Mahbanooei, B., Behnam, M., & Khavari, Z. (2018). Analyzing OECD’s labor market efficiency in 2018. In 34th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development – XVIII International Social Congress (ISC-2018) (pp. 341–353), Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship Agency, Moscow.
Morina, F., Hysa, E., Ergün, U., Panait, M., & Voica, M. C. (2020). The effect of exchange rate volatility on economic growth: case of the CEE countries. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(8), 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13080177
Moszyński, M. (2013). Labor markets in the Central and Eastern European Countries during the Economic Downturn. In A. P. Balcerzak (Ed.), Labour markets in the global financial crisis. Polish Economy Branch in Toruń.
Nazarko, J., & Chodakowska, E. (2017). Labour efficiency in construction industry in Europe based on frontier methods: data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 23(6), 787–795. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1321577
Novák, Z. (2020). Structural change in Central and South Eastern Europe—does technological efficiency harm the labour market? Sustainability, 12(11), 4704. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114704
Okun, A. M. (1962). Potential GNP: its measurement and significance. In Proceedings of the Business and Economics Statistics (pp. 98–104). American Statistical Association.
Pietrzak, M. B. (2016). Application of TOPSIS method in condition of the presence of spatial dependence (Working Papers No. 38). Institute of Economic Research (IER), Toruń.
Pilc, M. (2015). Determinants of the labour market institutions in post-socialist economies. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 48, 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2015.06.008
Pizzo, A. (2020). Literature review of empirical studies on Okun’s law in Latin America and the Caribbean (Employment Working Paper No. 252). International Labour Office, Geneva.
Revenga, A. L., & Bentolila, S. (1995). What affects the employment rate intensity of growth? (Banco de España - Servicio de Estudios Documento de Trabajo No. 9517). https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/322620489.pdf
Roaf, J., Atoyan, R., Joshi, B., & Krogulski, K. (2014). 25 years of transitionpost-communist Europe and the IMF (Regional Economic Issues Special Report). International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781498305631.086
Rollnik-Sadowska, E. (2014). Model WellBox – możliwości realizacji na polskim rynku pracy (na przykładzie Klubów Integracji Społecznej w Łapach i Zabłudowie). Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje, 26, 155–167.
Rollnik-Sadowska, E. (2016, May 19–20). Labour markets in the central and eastern Europe – comparative analysis. In 21st International Scientific Conference on Smart and Efficient Economy (pp. 387–393), Brno, Czech Republic.
Rollnik-Sadowska, E., Jarocka M., & Dąbrowska, E. (2020). Diversity of regional labour markets in Poland. European Research Studies Journal, 23(4), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1670
Shih, H.-S., Shyur, H.-J., & Lee, E. S. (2007). An extension of TOPSIS for group decision making. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 45, 801–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2006.03.023
Sikulova, I., & Frank, K. (2014). Transition to market economy in the Central and Eastern European countries – comparative analysis. European Scientific Journal, 1, 544–554.
Sögner, L., & Stiassny, A. (2000). A cross-country study on Okun’s law (Working Papers Series: Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness No. 13, pp. 1–24). Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration.
Stanimir, A. (2020). Generation Y on labour market? perception of work values and quality of job, International Journal of Economic Sciences, 1, 202–223. https://doi.org/10.20472/ES.2020.9.1.011
Strzała K., & Przechlewski, T. (1994). Ekonometria inaczej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk.
Svejnar, J. (2002). Labour market flexibility in Central and East Europe (William Davidson Working Paper No. 496, pp. 1–26). University of Michigan Business School.
Szalai, J. (2002). From opposition in private to engagement in public: motives for citizen participation in the post-1989 democracies of Central Europe. Social Research, 69(1), 71–82.
Veebel, V., Namm, A., & Tillmann, T. (2014). Testing the myths of transition: was estonia following the shock therapy model and Slovenia following the gradualist model in 1991-2000? Studies of Transition States and Societies, 6(2), 5–21.
Warzecha, K. (2018). Taxonomic analysis of changes on labour markets in Central and Eastern Europe countries. In Proceedings of 18th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment (pp. 492–501), Bratislava, Slovakia and Prague, Czech Republic.
Winiecki, J. (2008). Employment and unemployment in transition: the legacy of the communist past. Post-Communist Economies, 20, 377–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631370802281480
Zhofchinova, V., & Grabowska, Z. (2019). Problems of unemployment through the employment policy in the labour market: the case of the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. Public Administration Issues, 5, 103–119. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2019-0-5-103-119
Żołędowski, C. (2020). Poland in international migrations: the perspective of world systems theory. Miscellanea Geographica, 24(2), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0005